The taxes on income can be finalized only on the completion of the previous year. However, to enable a regular flow of funds and for easing the process of collection of taxes, Income-tax Act has provisions for payment of taxes in advance during the year of earning itself or before completion of previous year. It is also known as Pay as your earn concept.
Taxes are collected by the Government through the following means:
1. Voluntary payment by taxpayers into various designated Banks such as Advance tax, Self-Assessment tax, etc.
2. Taxes deducted at source
3. Taxes collected at source
4. Equalisation Levy
Total Income is the income on which tax liability is determined. It is necessary to compute total income to ascertain tax liability. section 80C to 80U provides certain deductions which can be claimed from Gross Total Income (GTI). After claiming these deductions from GTI, the income remaining is called as Total Income. In other words, GTI less Deductions (under section 80C to 80U) = Total Income (TI). Total income can also be understood as taxable income. Following table gives a better understanding of the difference between GTI and TI
At this moment Individual, HUF, AOP, and BOI having income below Rs. 2,50,000 need not pay any Income-tax. In respect of resident individuals of the age of 60 years and above but below 80 years, the basic exemption limit is Rs. 3,00,000 and in respect of resident individuals of 80 years and above, the limit is Rs. 5,00,000. For other categories of persons such as co-operative societies, firms, companies and local authorities, no basic exemption limit exists and, hence, they have to pay taxes on their entire income chargeable to tax.
Further, if an individual, HUF, AOP, BOI, and AJP opted for new tax regime under section 115BAC, threshold limit of Rs. 3,00,000 shall be applicable to them. (applicable w.e.f. Assessment Year 2024-25)
PAN enables the department to link all transactions of the assessee with the department. These transactions include tax payments, TDS/TCS credits, returns of income, specified transactions, correspondence and so on. It facilitates easy retrieval of information of assessee and matching of various investments, borrowings and other business activities of assessee.